Featuring Stable Quaternized Ammonium Groups for Ionic Liquids and Anion (OH^-) Exchange Membranes (AEM)

Piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane features the quaternized ammonium  group with the highest stability against nucleophilic (OH^-) substitution and elimination reactions.

M. G. Marino, J. P. Melchior, A. Wohlfarth, and K. D. Kreuer 
Hydroxide, halide and water transport in a model anion exchange membrane 
Journal of Membrane Science 464, 61–71 (2014). 
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.003

M. G. Marino and K.-D. Kreuer 
Alkaline Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Alkaline Fuel Cell Membranes and Ionic Liquids 
ChemSusChem 8(3), 513–523 (2015). 
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403022

K.D. Kreuer, and Patric Jannasch
A practical method for measuring the ion exchange capacity decrease of hydroxide exchange membranes during intrinsic degradation
Journal of Powersources 375, 361-366 (2018)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.106